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April was a good month for most economies on the data front, with some very notable exceptions in Japan and India, which saw escalating COVID cases. Bond yields that had risen in prior months on the back of inflation expectations started to fade a little, which boosted bond prices. Finally, sustainability returned to the forefront of investors’ minds as the UK, US and China all announced larger and faster-planned carbon emissions reductions relative to their previous commitments.
May saw strong economic data overall, although there were also concerns around the chance of inflation running too hot and central banks prematurely tightening monetary policy. Modestly higher inflation and improved global growth prospects benefitted more cyclical companies over the month – a continuation of a trend from earlier in the year, albeit one that did not persist into June. On the COVID front, daily cases again began to fall in India and Japan later in the month.
June again delivered generally positive economic news globally and good news on the whole in terms of COVID cases and vaccine rollouts. However, a notable exception was a large uptick in cases in the UK due to the delta variant, which delayed the final step of economic reopening. There were also indications that the delta variant was becoming more prevalent in the US and Europe. There were hints of sooner-than-expected interest rate rises in the US, which helped to settle longer-term inflation concerns. Oil prices continued to rise, increasing 10% in June – they are now up over 50% year to date.
The second quarter was another positive quarter for markets and particular equities. Market volatility, as measured by the VIX index, fell 18.4% over the quarter and developed market equities (as measured by the MSCI World Index including dividends) were up 7.6% in sterling terms over the quarter. The FTSE 100 returned 5.7%, whilst emerging market equities (MSCI EM Index) were up 4.9%. Global bond yield drifted downwards, which was positive for bond prices – higher-quality bonds (as measured by the Bloomberg Barclays Global Aggregate) rose 1%. Lower quality ‘high yield’ bonds, more geared to the strength of the global economy, fared even better, up 2.9%. Most commodities again rallied over the quarter, with oil up 18% and gold up 3.7%.
Data source: Financial Express Indices used (including interest & dividends): Defensive Investment Grade Bonds - GBP hedged Bloomberg Barclays Global High Yield Index; Riskier Bonds (High Yield) - GBP hedged Bloomberg Barclays Global High Yield Index, Developed World Equities - MSCI World Index in GBP; Emerging Market Equities - MSCI Emerging Markets Index in GBP; FTSE 100 (UK Large Capitalisation Equities)
Diving into performance within indices, ‘high price’ securities (often described as ‘growth’/’momentum’/’quality’ companies) bounced back strongly after a weaker start to the year, up 10.7% over the quarter. They often perform better in markets, more nervous about future growth as they’re seen as being better able to generate that growth without relying on a broader economic recovery. Smaller companies and cheaper ‘value’ companies were more subdued, up 4.8% and 4.6% respectively over the quarter.
Data source: Financial Express
Indices used (including interest & dividends): Developed World Equities - MSCI World Index in GBP; Growth Equities – MSCI The World Growth Index; Value Equities – MSCI World Value Index; Small Company Equities – MSCI World Small Cap Index
The second quarter of 2021 was notable in that markets began to shift away from the ‘reflation’ narrative of future high expected growth and high expected inflation. This narrative had been prevalent since the announcement of successful vaccine trials in November 2020. It had led to a dramatic increase in global longer-dated bond yields in the first quarter as well as the outperformance of cyclical and ‘value’ equities over ‘growth’ and ‘quality’ equities.
Q2 2021 saw some high inflation figures, with UK inflation the highest since July 2019 at 2.1% year on year for May whilst the US figure jumped to 5%, the highest since 2008. However, markets largely took these numbers in their stride, attributing the higher prints to the fact that they’re annual figures comparing against the depressed lockdown levels of 2020. Market participants also began to more heavily incorporate the views of central banks, which had been forecasting these high levels to be temporary, reverting closer to their targets of 2% by the end of the year. The US Federal Reserve meeting in June helped to reinforce this message by indicating that interest rate rises were expected to be brought forward to rein in inflation– accelerating a fall in inflation expectations (and bond yields) towards the end of the quarter.
Source: Financial Times, accessed 11 July 2021
Importantly, these falling inflation concerns and nervousness around future growth have not translated into falling equity markets. Rather, they have led to falling global interest rates (and hence rising bond prices, given that bond prices and rates move inversely) and a renewed preference for ‘growth’ companies instead of cheaper ‘value’ companies, given that, as the name suggests, growth companies are seen as better able to grow earnings in less vibrant economic conditions.
We take these concerns seriously, but our view is that markets are perhaps a little too optimistic around inflation and pessimistic around growth. Or in other words, we think there is probably still some life left in the reflation trade.
Whether this is true or not rests on whether growth remains strong, and this largely depends on developed nations weathering the delta variant onslaught. The good news here is that current vaccines appear to be very successful at mitigating deaths and hospitalisations, even if they appear somewhat blunted in terms of preventing milder infections. The UK, with its impressive vaccination levels (almost 87% of the adult population has had one dose and almost 2/3rds having been fully vaccinated), is currently in the midst of what seems to be a giant experiment: given a high enough vaccination rate, is it possible to learn to live with the virus in the way that we have learned to live with flu? If successful and no nastier variants emerge, then returning to previous levels of growth is just a matter of countries vaccinating enough of their populations. The good news here is that most developed nations are doing very well in this regard (including previous laggard Europe), although most emerging markets still have a long way to go.
Assuming the delta variant doesn’t lead to renewed lockdowns, consensus expectations are for economies to have recovered their former GDP levels by the end of 2021/beginning of 2022, with the US exceeding previous growth trends. This would argue for global rates being higher than they are now and room for cyclical stocks to perform well. There is potential fiscal upside for Europe too, given that Europe’s recovery fund (technically “The Next Generation EU” fund), a €750bn fiscal stimulus in the form of loans and grants, with a focus on a greener economy, is only just starting to kick into action and is planned to continue until 2023.
Another reason why there is perhaps room left in the recovery trade is the extreme divergence in valuations between growth vs value companies. This doesn’t affect the probability of the reflation trade resuming but does mean that if it does, valuations are likely to amplify the outperformance of value companies
Whilst we are broadly optimistic about future market returns and a resumption of the reflation trade, we are fully aware that risks to this view remain: as discussed delta, or another worse variant of SARS-CoV-2, could derail the recovery, and even if it doesn’t, premature fiscal and monetary tightening could choke off global growth. We thus continue to maintain diversification across asset classes, investment styles, currencies, countries and fund managers to ensure that portfolios are robust to these risks. That said, we do continue to have relative underweight to areas we think are expensive (US and growth equities) and which we thus think have less upside potential, whilst tilting-towards other parts of the market we think are better value and thus have greater upside, like cheaper companies and the UK, emerging markets and Japanese equities.
There was very little change in developed market central bank action over the quarter as rates were kept low and central bankers maintained quantitative easing. Certain emerging markets began to tighten as inflation ticked higher.
GDP figures released in the second quarter were for Q1 2021, a quarter which saw Europe and many emerging markets negatively impacted by coronavirus second waves, resulting in lockdowns and thus weaker growth levels. Inflation picked up during the second quarter whilst unemployment was mixed, generally falling in developed markets as economic restrictions were lifted but increasing in emerging markets struggling with further cases.
It was a strong quarter for most assets and, in particular, almost all equity asset classes, led by US equities. However, it was commodities that were the best performing asset class fuelled by impressive gains in oil. Japanese equities struggled in sterling terms, however.
Bonds had a good quarter, given that global yields fell from their Q1 highs. After a poor first-quarter performance, emerging market bonds were the best performing bond asset class.
Data source: Financial Express Indices used: 3m GBP LIBOR, GBP hedged version of FTSE World Government Bond Index, GBP hedged version of FTSE WorldBIG Corporate Index, GBP hedged Bloomberg Barclays Global High Yield Index, GBP hedged version of FTSE Global Emerging Markets US Dollar Government Bond Index, MSCI North American Index, MSCI Europe ex-UK Index, FTSE All Share Index, MSCI Japan Index, MSCI Pacific ex-Japan Index, MSCI EM Index, FTSE Global Core Infrastructure 50/50 Index, FTSE EPRA NAREIT Global Index and S&P Goldman Sachs Commodity Index
Key
Data Source: PortfolioMetrix, Bloomberg
*Glossary of Financial Terms
Quarterly vs annualised growth rates: Some national statistical agencies prefer to quote country growth levels in a quarter as an actual quarterly rate (the estimate of growth over three months, x, sometimes referred to as “on quarter” growth) whilst others prefer to quote the growth over the quarter on an annualised basis (i.e. assume the growth over three months continued for a year, 4x). We tried to quote only an annualised rate above using the following approximate relationship: annualised rate = 4 x quarterly rate.
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Consilium Asset Management are Independent Financial Advisors (IFA) based in Bristol and are authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. More information can be found on the Financial Services Register under Number 469507. Registered Office: Vayre House, Hatters Lane, Chipping Sodbury, Bristol, BS37 6AA.
